Description
Adipotide Peptide (FTPP) – Research Peptide Overview
Adipotide Peptide, also known as FTPP (Fat-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide) or Prohibitin-Targeting Peptide (Prohibitin-TP01), is an investigational peptide that has gained significant attention in scientific research for its potential to influence cell apoptosis, fat metabolism, and energy regulation.
Originally developed for cancer-related studies, Adipotide has since become a focus of metabolic and obesity research due to its novel proapoptotic and fat-targeting mechanisms.
Adipotide is designed to target prohibitin (PHB1) and annexin A2 (ANX2) — proteins located on the vascular surface of white adipose tissue (WAT). These proteins are thought to play a vital role in fatty acid transport, adipocyte maintenance, and vascular health within fat tissue. By potentially binding to these receptors, Adipotide may disrupt the blood supply to adipocytes (fat cells), leading to cell apoptosis and fat tissue reduction.
Mechanism of Action
-
Targeting White Adipose Tissue (WAT):
Adipotide was engineered by combining a targeting peptide sequence (CKGGRAKDC) — discovered via phage display technology — with a proapoptotic D(KLAKLAK)₂ motif, a peptide known to disrupt mitochondrial membranes in target cells.
This combination allows Adipotide to selectively recognize prohibitin receptors in WAT, attach to them, and potentially induce apoptosis in adipose vasculature. -
Prohibitin and Annexin A2 Interaction:
Prohibitins and annexin A2 are believed to cooperate with a fatty acid transporter, CD36, to facilitate fatty acid uptake into adipocytes. Research indicates that Adipotide may disrupt this complex, potentially impairing fat storage and promoting lipid metabolism. -
Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Modulation:
Studies have indicated that targeting adipose tissue vasculature may also improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and overall energy metabolism, suggesting a multifaceted mechanism of action.
Research Findings and Clinical Insights
Adipotide and Fat Reduction
In early-stage preclinical trials involving obese primate models, daily Adipotide administration for four weeks led to an average body weight reduction of 11% and a fat mass decrease of 39% without changes in diet or physical activity. These findings suggest that the peptide’s fat-targeting mechanism may have significant implications for obesity research. (Barnhart et al., 2011)
Adipotide and Glucose Regulation
Follow-up murine studies demonstrated rapid, weight-independent improvements in glucose tolerance within just days of Adipotide administration. Researchers observed decreased triglycerides and improved insulin response, even before significant fat loss occurred. This implies that Adipotide may act directly on metabolic and mitochondrial pathways within adipose tissue. (Kim et al., 2012)
Adipotide and Cancer Research Origins
Initially, Adipotide was developed as a vascular-targeting peptide for cancer treatment. Early investigations proposed that the peptide could cut off nutrient blood supply to tumor cells by targeting specific vascular markers. Surprisingly, similar mechanisms appeared to occur in adipose tissue, sparking its reclassification as a fat-targeted apoptotic peptide. (Kolonin et al., 2004)
Chemical Properties
-
Molecular Formula: C₁₅₂H₂₅₂N₄₄O₄₂
-
Molecular Weight: 2611.41 g/mol
-
Peptide Sequence: CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)₂
-
Form: Lyophilized powder
-
Purity: ≥99% (HPLC verified)
-
Storage: Store at -20°C for long-term stability
-
Applications: Laboratory and in vitro research only
Potential Research Applications
While Adipotide is not approved for human use, ongoing research explores its potential roles in:
-
Obesity and metabolic regulation studies
-
Targeted fat cell apoptosis research
-
Investigation of prohibitin–annexin A2 interactions
-
Mitochondrial membrane disruption mechanisms
-
Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity models
Researchers note that Adipotide’s dual-action targeting mechanism — selective adipose vasculature binding and mitochondrial disruption — makes it an invaluable peptide for studies on cell death pathways, energy metabolism, and adipose tissue biology.
Safety and Research Use Disclaimer
Adipotide (FTPP) is sold strictly for research and laboratory purposes only. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, medical diagnostics, or therapeutic applications. Researchers must follow institutional guidelines and all applicable regulations when handling this compound.
References
-
Thuaud, F., Ribeiro, N., Nebigil, C. G., & Désaubry, L. (2013). Prohibitin ligands in cell death and survival: mode of action and therapeutic potential. Chemistry & Biology, 20(3), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.02.006
-
Melissa H. Cancer treatment shows promise for rapid weight loss. Los Angeles Times, Nov 10, 2011. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-nov-10-la-he-drug-fat-loss-20111110-story.html
-
Kolonin, M. G. et al. (2004). Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue. Nature Medicine, 10(6): 625–632. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15133506/
-
Salameh, A. et al. (2016). Prohibitin/annexin 2 interaction regulates fatty acid transport in adipose tissue. JCI Insight, 1(10): e86351. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.86351
-
Barnhart, K. F. et al. (2011). A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Science Translational Medicine, 3(108): 108ra112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072637/
-
Staquicini, F. I. et al. (2011). Vascular ligand-receptor mapping by direct combinatorial selection in cancer patients. PNAS, 108(46): 18637–18642. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22049339/
-
Kim, D. H. et al. (2012). Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium. Diabetes, 61(9): 2299–2310. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22733798/
Would you like me to add HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, and Certificate of Analysis sections (formatted like your other peptide pages)?
I can generate those next to match your product catalog layout.
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.